Cationic alkenyl azabenzene chemically modified asphalts

ABSTRACT

Cationic chemically modified asphalts having utility for road construction, repair and maintenance, as well as a coating for various substrates including cementitious substrates, glass and metal are provided. These asphalts are obtained by reacting an alkenyl azabenzene, optionally with a vinyl aromatic, with a prereacted product of asphalt, a rubber and a vinyl aromatic monomer.

CROSS-REFERENCES

This case is related to U.S. Ser. No. 329904 filed concurrently herewith.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to asphalt compositions, and more particularly it relates to chemically modified asphalt compositions. Even yet more particularly, the present invention relates to cationic alkenyl azabenzene modified asphalts.

BACKGROUND, SUMMARY AND INDUSTRIAL EXPLOITATION

Asphalt has been employed for numerous and wide variety of applications for many years. One of the problems encountered with asphalt is that its adhesion to various substrates and especially to aggregate needs to be improved. Such aggregate is represented, for example, by gravel, crushed rock, slag, sand and crushed limestone. Additionally, the adhesion of asphalt needs to be improved with respect to other material such as, for example, cementitious materials, metals, glass and the like.

In accordance with the present invention, improved asphalt compositions are provided which composition is the product produced by reacting an alkenyl azabenzene with asphalt that has been prereacted with a vinyl aromatic monomer and a rubbery polymer, the reacting optionally being done in the presence of a vinyl aromatic monomer which may be the same as or different than the vinyl aromatic monomer employed in producing the prereacted asphalt. Styrene is preferred in both instances.

Some of the desirable properties of the present compositions include improved coatability of negatively charged surfaces, improved adhesion, less stripping, improved emulsifiability, improved flexibility, particularly at low temperatures, improved strength, reduced high temperature flow, increased durability, better compatibility.

These compositions will find utility for a wide variety of purposes. They, for example, will find application in the highway and bridge construction, repair and maintenance areas as, for example, crack and pothole fillers, joint sealers, and water resistant membranes, as well as cut-backs with the compositions being used alone or as blends with conventional asphalts. These compositions can be formed into emulsions with conventional asphalt emulsifiers to form a slow set emulsion, having utility for slurry seal applications, or as a cold overlay. Preferably non-ionic surfactants are used as emulsifiers. The compositions may also be employed as corrosion resistant and/or water resistant coatings for metals and as coatings and/or impregnants for glass, especially glass fibers. Such coated or impregnated glass fibers will show outstanding compatibility with conventional asphalt and consequently will serve as outstanding reinforcements for such asphalts.

DESCRIPTION

The product produced by reacting an alkenyl azabenzene and optionally a vinyl aromatic monomer, with asphalt that has been prereacted with a vinyl aromatic monomer and a rubbery polymer is done by heating the ingredients at an elevated temperature for several hours. Preferably, the reacting is done by heating at a temperature of at least about 115° C. for about 8 hours, and most desirably, at a temperature of about 120° C. to about 180° C. for about 24 hours. It is believed that because of the double bond unsaturation in the alkenyl azabenzene that it is chemically incorporated into the composition by reaction with double bonds present in the prereacted asphalt. Additionally, the nitrogen present in the alkenyl azabenzene provide for highly desirable polarity which serves to greatly enhance the adhesive bonding of the present compositions to various substrates, including, for example, aggregates commonly employed in road repair and maintenance, as well as cementitious and other substrates. Additionally, it is preferred to also employ an additional vinyl aromatic monomer, preferably styrene, because it is believed that the reactivity of the unsaturated double bond in the vinyl aromatic monomer enhances the rate at which the ingredients are chemically incorporated.

Representative of suitable alkenyl azabenzenes are the alkenyl pyridine compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, and R₅ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a C₁ -C₃ alkyl, a C₁ -C₃ alkoxy, halogen, cyano, nitro, amino with at least one of said R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ or R₅ groups being an alkenyl group containing 2-5 carbon atoms. Representative of such alkenyl groups are: 1 propenyl, 1 butenyl, 1 pentenyl. Preferably the alkenyl group is ethenyl. Preferred compounds are 2 vinyl pyridine and 4 vinyl pyridine.

The prereacted asphalt composition which is employed in the present invention is a chemically modified asphalt which is not novel per se and which is well known in the art. These chemically modified asphalts essentially comprise the reaction product of asphalt, a vinyl aromatic monomer, and a rubbery polymer. Such asphalts are disclosed for example in U.S. Pat. No. 4,273,685. While that patent lists styrene and vinyl pyridine among the vinyl aromatic monomers, it does not suggest the present invention. The chemically modified asphalt is obtained by reacting the constituents for a time, preferably about 20 hours, and at a temperature, preferably about 170° C., sufficient for the vinyl aromatic monomer and rubbery polymer to react with the asphalt. Typically, the vinyl aromatic monomer is employed in an amount corresponding to about 0.5 to about 35% by weight of the asphalt, and the rubbery polymer is used in an amount ranging from about 0.5 to about 30% by weight based on the weight of asphalt.

Asphalt materials which are suitable for these purposes preferably include those which are typically used for road paving, repair and maintenance purposes. Thus, asphalt includes natural asphalt, petroleum asphalt and petroleum tar. The natural asphalts include, for example, asphaltite, such as Gilsonite, grahamite and glancepitch, lake asphalt, such as Trinidad asphalt, and rock asphalt. The petroleum asphalt that may be used includes straight asphalt obtained by distillation of a crude oil, blown asphalt, produced by blowing an oxygen-containing gas into straight asphalt, and solvent extracted asphalt. The petroleum tar that may be used includes coal tar and oil gas tar. Tar pitch is equally suitable. Additionally, the asphalts can be those that have been blown with steam, ammonia, or amines of the type set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,166,752. Preferably, the asphalt which will be employed is an asphalt cement of the type typically used for road paving, repair and maintenance purposes, such as for example, the AC-5, AC-10, AC-20 grades. Such asphalts typically have penetrations ranging between about 20 to about 200.

As the polymerizable vinyl monomer for forming the prereacted asphalt, or as the optional vinyl aromatic monomer, use is preferably made of a monofunctional vinyl aromatic monomer having a general formula: ##STR2## wherein R₁ is an aromatic group containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms, including a phenyl group, a substituted phenyl group wherein the substituent is any one of an amino group, a cyano group, a halogen group, a C₁ to C₃ alkoxy group, a C₁ to C₃ alkyl group, a hydroxy group, a nitro group, etc. R₂ is preferably hydrogen or lower alkyl e.g., a C₁ to C₅ alkyl and R₃ is hydrogen, lower alkyl or one of the following groups: ##STR3## wherein X is halogen, and preferably chlorine or bromine. Styrene is preferred. In conjunction with the vinyl aromatic monomer as described above, a polyfunctional vinyl aromatic monomer containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms in the aromatic ring and two or more polymerizable vinyl groups chemically bonded to the aromatic ring can be employed. Preferred polyfunctional monomers are those having the general formula: ##STR4## where R₄ is a divalent aromatic group containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and preferably a phenylene group; and, R₅ and R₆ have the same meaning as is described above with respect to R₂ and R₃, respectively for the monofunctional vinyl aromatic monomer. Illustrative of a suitable polyfunctional vinyl aromatic monomer is divinyl benzene. When use is made of a polyfunctional vinyl aromatic monomer in combination with a monofunctional vinyl aromatic monomer such as styrene, generally the monofunctional vinyl aromatic is present in a weight ratio of about 1:1 to 40:1 based on the weight of the polyfunctional vinyl aromatic monomer.

As the rubbery polymer, use can be made of a number of vulcanizable elastomeric materials well known to those skilled in the art. Included are natural rubbers as well as synthetic rubbers. Suitable are synthetic rubbers which are homopolymers of a conjugated diene (e.g., butadiene, isoprene, chloroprene, etc.) as well as various polymers which are substituted with a functional group containing a labile hydrogen atom. For example, various hydroxy, amino and like substituted homopolymers of conjugated dienes may likewise be used in the practice of this invention. Substituted butadienes are commercially available from, for example, Atlantic-Richfield under the trademark "Poly B-D, " a series of hydroxy-terminated butadiene polymers; for example, use can be made of hydroxy-terminated butadiene homopolymers like Poly B-D R-15M which has a hydroxy number of 42 or Poly B-D R-45M.

Preferably, the rubber polymer is an elastomeric material formed by copolymerization of one or more of the conjugated dienes with one or more ethylenic monomers, such as styrene as well as hydroxy, amino and mercapto-substituted derivatives thereof, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, etc. Included are butadiene-styrene rubbers, butadiene-acrylonitrile rubbers, etc. Hydroxy-terminated copolymers are likewise useful in the practice of this invention, including the hydroxy-terminated butadiene-styrene copolymer designated "Poly B-D CS-15" and hydroxy-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers like Poly B-D CN-15 having a hydroxyl number of 39. Preferred are butadiene-styrene rubbers like SOLPRENE 1205C available from Phillips Petroleum.

An especially suitable chemically modified asphalt which is the reaction product of asphalt, a vinyl aromatic monomer, and a rubbery polymer is that available commerically from Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation under their ROADBOND trademark.

The proportion of ingredients employed may vary over wide ranges. Generally, however, it is preferred to use the alkenyl azabenzene in an amount of about 0.5% to about 15%, and most desirably in an amount of about 1% to about 3% based on the amount of prereacted asphalt employed. As indicated above, a vinyl aromatic monomer is optionally also present and preferably will be present. Such vinyl aromatic monomer may be the same as that previously described, or it may be different. When employed, it is desirable to employ such vinyl aromatic monomer in an amount of about 0.5% to about 15%, and more desirably about 1% to about 10% based on the amount of the prereacted asphalt which is employed.

While the above describes the invention with sufficient particularlity to allow those skilled in the art to make and use same, nonetheless further examplification follows.

EXAMPLE

Into a reactor provided with an agitator and a reflux condenser there is charged asphalt which had been prereacted with a vinyl aromatic monomer and a rubbery polymer (the material commercially available from Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation under their trade designation ROADBOND). This chemically modified asphalt was then heated to about 110° C. at which time styrene was charged into the reactor and then the ingredients heated to about 150° C. with 4 vinyl pyridine then being charged into the reactor. The total charge was about 92% by weight of the prereacted, or chemically modified, asphalt, about 3% by weight of the vinyl pyridine and about 5% by weight of styrene. The ingredients were heated at about 150° C. with agitation under reflux conditions for about 24 hours. The material after cooling is suitable for any of the numerous utilities previously set forth.

While the above describes the present invention, it will, of course, be apparent that modifications are possible which pursuant to the patent statutes and laws do not depart from the spirit and scope hereof. 

We claim:
 1. A composition of matter consisting essentially of the product porduced by reacting an (i) alkenyl azabenzene with (ii) asphalt that has been preacted with a vinyl aromatic monomer of the formula R₁ --C(R₂)═C(R₂)--R₃ wherein R₁ is an aromatic group containing six to twelve carbon atoms, R₂ is hydrogen or a C₁ to C₅ alkyl and R₃ is hydrogen, a C₁ -C₅ alkyl or a radical selected from the group consisting essentially of --CH₂ OH, --CHO, C(O)--X, --COOH and --CH₂ -CN wherein X is a halogen and, optionally, a polyfunctional monomer of the formula CH₂ ═CH--R₄ --C(R₅)═C(H)--R₆ where R₄ is a divalent aromatic group containing six to twelve carbon atoms, R₅ and R₆ have the same meaning as above with respect to R₂ and R₃ and a rubbery polymer and, optionally, (iii) a vinyl aromatic monomer.
 2. The composition of claim 1 wherein said alkenyl azabenzene is a compound of the formula ##STR5## wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a C₁ -C₃ alkyl, C₁ -C₃ alkoxy, halogen, cyano, nitro, and amino with at least one of R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅ being an alkenyl group containing 2-5 carbon atoms.
 3. The composition of claim 2 wherein said alkenyl group is ethenyl.
 4. The composition of claim 3 wherein R₁ is said alkenyl.
 5. The composition of claim 3 wherein R₃ is said alkenyl.
 6. The composition of claim 4 or claim 5 wherein the remaining R groups are hydrogen.
 7. The composition of claim 1 wherein said optional vinyl aromatic is employed to produce said composition.
 8. The composition of claim 1 wherein said rubbery polymer is a diene homopolymer or a copolymer of a diene and an ethylenic monomer.
 9. The composition of claim 8 wherein said rubber is a styrene-butadiene copolymer and said vinyl aromatic is styrene.
 10. The composition of claim 2 wherein said reacting is done by heating at a temperature of at least about 115° C. for at least about 8 hours.
 11. As a composition of matter, the product produced by heating at a temperature of at least about 115° C. for a period of time of at least about eight hours (a) an alkenyl azabenzene with (b) asphalt that has been prereacted with a vinyl aromatic monomer of the formula R₁ --C(R₂)═C(R₂)--R₃ wherein R₁ is an aromatic group containing six to twelve carbon atoms, R₂ is hydrogen or a C₁ to C₅ alkyl, and R₃ is hydrogen a C₁ -C₅ alkyl or a radical selected from the group consisting essentially of --CH₂ OH, --C(O) --X, --CHO --COOH and --CH₂ --CN wherein X is a halogen and, optionally, a polyfunctional monomer of the formula CH₂ ═CH--R₄ --C(R₅)═C(H)--R₆ where R₄ is a divalent aromatic group containing six to twelve carbon atoms, R₅ and R₆ have the same meaning as above with respect to R₂ and R₃ and a rubbery polymer and, optionally, (iii) a vinyl aromatic monomer.
 12. The composition of claim 11 wherein said temperature is about 120° C. to about 180° C.
 13. The composition of claim 11 wherein the vinyl aromatic monomer of (b) is styrene and wherein said rubbery polymer is a diene homopolymer or a copolymer of a diene and an ethylenic monomer.
 14. A method for producing a chemically modified asphalt comprising charging a reactor with the prereacted reaction product of asphalt, a vinyl aromatic monomer and a rubbery polymer, charging into said reactor an alkenyl azabenzene and reacting said alkenyl azabenzene with said prereacted reaction product optionally in the presence of a vinyl aromatic monomer.
 15. The method of claim 14 wherein said vinyl aromatic is a compound of the formula R₁ --C(R₂)═C(R₂)--R₃ wherein R₁ is an aromatic group containing six to twelve carbon atoms, R₂ is hydrogen or a C₁ to C₅ alkyl and R₃ is hydrogen a C₁ -C₅ alkyl or a radical selected from the group consisting essentially of --CH₂ OH, --CHO C(O)--X, --COOH and --CH₂ --CN wherein X is a halogen and, optionally, a polyfunctional monomer of the formula CH₂ ═CH--R₄ --C(R₅)═C(H)--R₆ where R₄ is a divalent aromatic group containing six to twelve carbon atoms, R₅ and R₆ have the same meaning as above with respect to R₂ and R₃. 